REGULATIONS FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ACTUARIAL SCIENCE (BSc[ActuarSc])

(See also General Regulations, pp. 1 to 16)

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Bachelor of Cognitive Science (BCogSc)

Bachelor of Economics (BEcon)

Bachelor of Finance (BFin)

Bachelor of Science in Actuarial Science (BSc[ActuarSc])

Bachelor of Social Sciences (BSocSc)

Bachelor of
Social Work (BSW)

Master of Economics (MEcon)

Master of Housing Management (MHousMan)

Master of Public Administration (MPA)

Master of Social Sciences (MSocSc)

Master of Social Work (MSW)

Master of Statistics (MStat)

Postgraduate
Certificate in
Psychology (PCPsych)

Advanced Diploma in Social Work (AdvDip[SocWk])

The degree of Bachelor of Science in Actuarial Science is an undergraduate degree, awarded for the satisfactory completion of a prescribed course of specialist training in actuarial science.

AS 1 In these Regulations, and in the Syllabuses for the degree of BSc(ActuarSc), unless the context otherwise requires ¡X

  'Course' means a course of instruction leading to one paper in the Final Examination Part I, Part II and Part III, as defined in the syllabus;
  'Paper' means one or more of the following tests: a theoretical examination paper, a practical examination paper, a project paper, or a dissertation, as prescribed in the syllabus of the course leading to it;
  'Prerequisite' means a course which candidates must have completed successfully before being permitted to take the course in question.

AS 2 To be eligible for admission to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Actuarial Science candidates shall

(a)

comply with the General Regulations; and

(b)

complete the curriculum in accordance with the regulations that follow.

AS 3 The curriculum for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Actuarial Science shall extend over not less than three academic years, and shall include the Final Examination Part I, Part II and Part III held annually, at the end of the first, second and third years respectively. Candidates shall select courses in accordance with Regulations AS 6 and AS 9 below.


AS 4 In the Final Examination Part I, Part II and Part III, an assessment of the candidates' coursework during the year shall be taken into account in determining their results in each paper.


AS 5 Candidates who are unable because of illness to be present for any paper or papers in the Final Examination Part I and Part II may apply for permission to present themselves for a supplementary examination to be held before the beginning of the first semester of the following academic year. Any such application shall be made on the form prescribed within two weeks of the first day of absence from any examination. Candidates who fail to satisfy the examiners in one or more papers in such a supplementary examination shall be considered under the provisions made in these regulations for failure at the first attempt at the examination, except that a further supplementary examination shall not be permitted.


AS 6 To complete the first year of the curriculum, candidates shall follow seven courses plus the required English course and satisfy the examiners at the Final Examination Part I which shall consist of one paper in each of the courses selected, together with any coursework, oral and practical tests prescribed in the syllabus.


AS 7 Candidates in the Final Examination Part I who have failed to satisfy the examiners in one paper only other than the prerequisite papers for compulsory courses to be taken in the second- and third-years of study, but have achieved in their opinion a sufficiently high standard in other papers to compensate for that failure, may be deemed to have satisfied the examiners but shall not be permitted to select a second- or third-year course for which the failed paper forms a prerequisite, unless they are given permission by the department concerned to sit a qualifying examination in the failed paper and satisfy the examiners in this.


AS 8

(a)

Candidates in the Final Examination Part I
  (i) who have failed to satisfy the examiners in any one paper and are not deemed to have satisfied the examiners under the provision of Regulation AS 7 above, or
  (ii) who have failed to satisfy the examiners in two papers
  may be permitted to sit a Supplementary Final Examination Part I in the failed paper(s) held the same year in August/September. Candidates who fail in one or more papers at a Supplementary Final Examination Part I shall be required to repeat the whole first year of the curriculum.

(b)

Candidates in the Final Examination Part I who have failed to satisfy the examiners in three papers shall either be required to repeat the whole first year of the curriculum, or be recommended for discontinuation of studies under the provisions of General Regulation G 12.

(c)

Candidates in the Final Examination Part I who have failed to satisfy the examiners in more than three papers shall be recommended for discontinuation of studies under the provisions of General Regulation G 12.

(d)

In no case may candidates proceed to the second year of the curriculum until they have satisfied the examiners under the provisions of AS 6, AS 7 or this Regulation. Candidates who have failed to satisfy the examiners in the Final Examination Part I after having repeated the first year of the curriculum shall be recommended for discontinuation of studies under the provisions of General Regulation G 12.

AS 9 To complete the second and third years of the curriculum, candidates shall follow the equivalent of sixteen courses and satisfy the examiners at the Final Examination Parts II and III in the papers for the compulsory and other selected courses, half of the papers to be taken at Part II at the end of the second year and half at Part III at the end of the third year.


AS 10 An alphabetical list shall be published of candidates successful in the Final Examination Parts I and II, while the list of candidates successful in the whole of the Final Examination shall be published in five divisions: First Class Honours, Second Class Honours Division One, Second Class Honours Division Two, Third Class Honours, Pass. The standard attained in each of the three Parts of the Final Examination shall be taken into account in determining the candidates' classifications.


AS 11

(a)

Candidates who have failed to satisfy the examiners in the Final Examination Part II in one or two papers may be allowed to proceed to the third year of the curriculum and present themselves for re-examination in the failed paper(s) together with the papers of Part III of the Final Examination, except that in the case of failure in the paper(s) for the elective course(s), re-examination either in the failed paper(s) or in new papers may be permitted.

(b)

Candidates who have failed to satisfy the examiners in the Final Examination Part II in three or more papers shall either be required to repeat the second year of the curriculum, or be recommended for discontinuation of studies under the provisions of General Regulation G 12.

AS 12 Candidates in the Final Examination Part III who have failed to satisfy the examiners in three or more papers, including where appropriate the Part II papers examined or re-examined under the provisions of Regulation AS 11(a), shall be required either to repeat the courses for the failed papers and present themselves for re-examination in the papers when the examination is next held, or to repeat the final year of the curriculum and present themselves for re-examination in the whole of Part III of the Final Examination when the examination is next held, but in either case shall not be eligible for honours unless the Senate directs that they shall be so eligible because of exceptional circumstances. Candidates who fail to satisfy the examiners in this second attempt shall be recommended for discontinuation under the provisions of General Regulation G 12. If they are not required by the Senate to discontinue their studies and are permitted to present themselves for a third time, they shall then in no circumstances be eligible for honours. Candidates who present themselves for re-examination in respect of elective courses only may offer the same papers in which they have failed, or substitute other papers.


SYLLABUSES FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ACTUARIAL SCIENCE

GENERAL FEATURES

1. In the first year of study, candidates may not take more than four courses in any semester in addition to course 77100 which is a whole-year course.
2. In the curriculum of the second and third years, some courses offered in the second semester may require another course offered in the first semester as a prerequisite. In such cases, notwithstanding the provisions of Regulation AS 1, candidates must fulfil the prerequisite first by having completed the course in question, on the understanding that they will take the examination at the end of the year.
3. In the first year, the examination for each course consists of one two-hour written paper except in 17161 and 23246 which will each have a three-hour written paper. In the second and third years, all papers, except 24516 and those in Lists B and C, will be examined by a three-hour written paper. The exceptions1 mentioned will have a two-hour paper. The final grading will be determined by performance in the examination and assessment of coursework in the ratio of 75:25, unless otherwise stated.

First-year Courses

Candidates for the degree of BSc(ActuarSc) shall follow seven courses in the first year:

  17106.  Probability and statistics
  17161.  Introduction to actuarial science
  11001.  Introduction to economics I
  12103.  Introduction to accounting
  23246.  Computer concepts and programming
  24303.  Mathematics for social sciences: course II
  One course selected from List A

Students are also required to take the English course:

  77100. English for academic communication

1  Note that 17237, a course in List C, has a three-hour examination.


Second-year Courses

Candidates shall follow eight courses in the second year:

  17202.  Statistical inference
  17222.  Business logistics or
  17365.  Topics in actuarial science
  17261.  Life contingencies
  17262.  Linear models and forecasting
  17328.  Probability modelling
  17363.  Risk theory or
  17364.  Survival studies
  24516.  Numerical analysis
  One course selected from List B

Third-year Courses

Candidates shall follow eight courses in the third year:

  17361.  Advanced life contingencies I
  17362.  Advanced life contingencies II
  17364.  Survival studies or
  17363.  Risk theory
  17365.  Topics in actuarial science or
  17222.  Business logistics
  Two courses selected from List C
  Two courses selected from List B
   
List A: 13101.  Introduction to political science
  13102.  Introduction to public administration
  14101.  Introduction to psychology
  15111.  Introduction to social administration
  16101.  Introduction to sociology
  16102.  Introduction to anthropology
  Any other course approved by the Department of Statistics
   
List B: 11101.  Microeconomic theory
  11102.  Macroeconomic theory
  11204.  The economics of finance
  11302.  International finance
  12215.  Financial accounting I
  12306.  Cost accounting
  12309.  Finance
  12336.  Marketing research
  24534.  Matrix theory and its applications
  Any other course approved by the Department of Statistics
   
List C: 17227.  Further topics in probability modelling
  17237.  Computer-oriented statistical modelling
  17243.  The statistics of investment risk I
  17244.  The statistics of investment risk II
  17330.  Selected topics in statistics
  17337.  Financial time series analysis
  17367.  Actuarial practice in financial security programmes
  17368.  Actuarial principles in asset/liability studies
  Any other course approved by the Department of Statistics

COURSE TITLES AND COURSE DESCRIPTION

Compulsory First-year Courses

17106. Probability and statistics

This course provides the basic foundations in probability and statistics for students in the Statistics Stream or BSc(ActuarSc), though the course is also suitable for mathematically-able students from other quantitative curricula. Probability theory underpins the study of statistics. The course aims firstly to develop skills in probabilistic analysis for problems involving randomness. Random variables and probability distributions are studied in depth. The concepts of statistics are then introduced, guided by motivating examples.

Prerequisite: Advanced Level Pure Mathematics or equivalent.

Note: (1) The course 17106 along with 17202 and 17262 covers all the material for Part C1 of the Institute of Actuaries (UK) examinations.
  (2) The course 17106 along with 17202 prepares students for Course 110 of the Society of Actuaries (US) examinations.

17161. Introduction to actuarial science

This course introduces the mathematics of finance which plays an important role in the development of basic actuarial techniques. Practical applications of the actuarial functions and notation are considered also. Key topics include: measurement of interest, including accumulated and present value factors; annuities certain; yield rates; amortization schedules and sinking funds; bonds and related securities; practical applications such as real estate mortgage, short sales and modern financial instruments; discounted cash flow; capital gains tax; stochastic approaches to interest; consumer credit; capital redemption policies. Assessment: 50% coursework, 50% examination. Examination: One three-hour written paper.

Prerequisite: 17106.

Note: (1) The course 17161 covers all the material for Part A1 of the Institute of Actuaries (UK) examinations.
  (2) The course 17161 prepares students for Course 140 of the Society of Actuaries (US) examinations.

11001. Introduction to economics I

An introduction to the basic concepts and principles of economics, with emphasis on the theoretical framework of choice theory, the nature of constraints, the measure of value, the laws of demand and productivity, and the implications for resource use and employment. Assessment: 40% coursework, 60% examination.


12103. Introduction to accounting

The course will cover the principles of double entry book-keeping, the interpretation of financial statements, the issues raised by corporate regulation, and the use of management information for decision-making. Assessment: 30% coursework, 70% examination.


23246. Computer concepts and programming

This course introduces the basic computing concepts and the art of computer programming. Contents include: basic concepts and vocabulary of computers and information processing; overview of hardware and software components of computer systems; techniques for the design and construction of computer programmes; use of C++ language to solve problems over a wide range of applications. Examination: One three-hour written paper.


24303. Mathematics for social sciences: course II

The course is specially designed for social sciences students. It will show how the methods of calculus and of linear mathematics may be applied in many fields of the social sciences. It covers: The real number system; limits and continuous functions; infinite series; vector spaces; matrices; differentials and partial derivatives of functions of several variables; extremum problems; double integrals; Gamma and Beta functions; difference equations; differential equations.

Prerequisites: 24118, 24119 or a pass in Advanced Level Pure Mathematics, or its equivalent.

Note: The course 24303 prepares students for Course 100 of the Society of Actuaries (US) examinations.


77100. English for academic communication

The course prepares students to respond effectively to the communicative demands of academic study in English. Through text-based activities in class and investigative project work related to language and disciplinary issues, the course develops abilities to analyse and evaluate extended texts, and to produce clear and coherent spoken and written discourses. It also emphasizes careful revision and editing of essays and project reports to ensure that lexical and grammatical choices are correct and appropriate. Assessment: 100% coursework.


List A (Optional Courses in First Year)

13101. Introduction to political science

This is a basic course which is intended to give students an introduction to the concepts, methods and some of the problems involved in the study of political science. Assessment: 30% coursework, 70% examination.


13102. Introduction to public administration

This is a basic course which introduces students to the fundamental concepts and issues in public administration, focusing on the scope of the subject and the relationship between public administration and politics. Assessment: 30% coursework, 70% examination.


14101. Introduction to psychology

Discussion of basic concepts in psychology and a preliminary survey of representative work carried out in various areas of psychological investigation, together with an investigation at some length of one such area.


15111. Introduction to social administration

This course introduces the basic concepts in social administration. The range and variety of social services in Hong Kong, such as education, medical and health, housing, labour and social welfare, will be discussed. Assessment: 30% coursework, 70% examination.


16101. Introduction to sociology

This course introduces students to the nature of sociological enquiry and the basic concepts used in sociological analysis. After some reference to the influence of inheritance and environment on human social behaviour, the course will focus on key concepts used in the analysis of cultures, social structures, social processes and social change. The relationship between research, concepts and contemporary theory will be explored at an introductory level.


16102. Introduction to anthropology

This course will explore, through cross-cultural comparison, key social and cultural issues, such as marriage and the family, caste and class, ethnicity and identity, language and culture, state formation, economic value, gender and religion. The course will draw on studies of the peoples and cultures of Asia.


Compulsory Second- and Third-year Courses

17202. Statistical inference

This course builds on 17106, developing further the language of probability, random variables and statistical modelling. Contents include: review of standard distributions, their properties and relevance; moment generating functions; the Central-limit theorem; sampling distributions; principles of estimation, unbiasedness, efficiency, consistency; maximum likelihood estimation, asymptotic properties, sufficiency, algorithms; Bayesian statistics and Bayesian estimators; hypothesis testing, likelihood ratio principle; simple linear regression; the basic chi-squared test, categorical data.

Prerequisite: 17106.

Note: (1) The course 17202 along with 17106 and 17262 covers all the material for Part C1 of the Institute of Actuaries (UK) examinations.
  (2) The course 17202 along with 17106 prepares students for Course 110 of the Society of Actuaries (US) examinations.

17222. Business logistics

Originally, the word 'logistics' described the strategic aspects involved in moving and supplying armies and navies. Usage grew to include games of strategy, such as chess. Modern business corporations are increasingly using logistics as a management tool, for example, in capital budgeting problems, production planning, scheduling, transportation or in deciding a location for a new factory. This course addresses the business applications of logistics using mathematics, statistics and computer packages. Contents include: optimization techniques applied to problems in the allocation of resources, financial planning and transportation; linear programming, dynamic programming, and integer programming; network analysis, critical path methods; queueing theory; and probability modelling tools in production and inventory control.

Prerequisite: 17106.

Note: The course 17222 prepares students for Course 130 of the Society of Actuaries (US) examination.


17261. Life contingencies

The major objectives here is to integrate life contingencies into a full probabilistic framework and to demonstrate the wide variety of constructs which are then possible to build from basic models at the foundation of actuarial science. The time-until-death random variable will be the basic building block by which models for life insurances, designed to reduce the financial impact of the random event of untimely death, will be developed. Techniques for calculating net premiums and net premiums reserves of various types of life annuity and insurance will be discussed. Topics include: survival distributions and life tables; select life tables; net single premiums and net annual premiums for a range of life insurance policies including with-profit policies; extra risk; commutation functions; net premium reserves; mortality profit. Assessment: 50% coursework, 50% examination.

Prerequisites: 17202 and 17161.

Note: (1) The course 17261 along with 17361 and 17328 covers all the material for Part A2 of the Institute of Actuaries (UK) examinations.
  (2) The course 17261 along with 17361 prepares students for Course 150 of the Society of Actuaries (US) examinations.

17262. Linear models and forecasting

This course presents the theory and practice of linear models and investigates various forecasting procedures through time series analysis. Contents include: analysis of variance including one factor, two factor-unreplicated, and two factor-replicated experiments; regression and multiple linear regression; time series models including autoregressive, moving average, autoregressive-moving average and integrated models.

Prerequisite: 17202 or 17232 .

Note: (1) The course 17262 along with 17106 and 17202 covers all the material for Part C1 of the Institute of Actuaries (UK) examinations.
  (2) The course 17262 prepares students for Course 120 of the Society of Actuaries (US) examinations.

17328. Probability modelling

In this course we present the fundamental principles of probability theory through examples. The emphasis is on the modelling of systems which evolve with time in a random way, the so called 'random' or 'stochastic' process. Topics include: the Poisson process, which models events such as accidents which occur randomly in time; branching processes, which model population growth; random walks, which model gambling and financial transactions; Markov chains; birth and death processes; diffusion processes, which are useful in modern finance theory; cognitive models of learning; models for no-claim discount systems in general insurance; collective risk models. Some use of standard computer packages, such as the matrix language IML within SAS, illustrate the topics on Markov chains.

Prerequisite: 17106.

Note: (1) The course 17328 along with 17261 and 17361 covers all the material for Part A2 of the Institute of Actuaries (UK) examinations.
  (2) The course 17328 along with 17363 covers all the material for Part C2 of the Institute of Actuaries (UK) examinations.

17361. Advanced life contingencies I

This course builds on the material covered in 17261. Life contingencies. Several extensions of the basic theory of life contingencies and insurance models are discussed. First, the analysis of financial benefits contingent on the time of death of a single life can be extended to benefits involving several lives. Second, the multiple decrement models, instead of a single contingency of death, are studied. Third, elaboration of the individual model to incorporate operational constraints such as acquisition and administrative expenses, accounting requirements and the effects of contract terminations are treated. Finally, applications of these advanced theories are given. Contents include: multiple life functions; multiple decrement models; valuation theory for pension plans; nonforfeiture benefits and dividends including surrender values and paid-up insurance; gross premiums; gross premium reserves; alterations to life insurance policies; profit testing for conventional business. Assessment: 50% coursework, 50% examination.

Prerequisite: 17261.

Note: (1) The course 17361 along with 17261 and 17328 covers all the material for Part A2 of the Institute of Actuaries (UK) examinations.
  (2) The course 17361 along with 17362 covers all the material for Part D1 of the Institute of Actuaries (UK) examinations.
  (3) The course 17361 along with 17261 prepares students for Course 150 of the Society of Actuaries (US) examinations.

17362. Advanced life contingencies II

This course serves as a continuation of 17361. Advanced life contingencies I and extends the coverage of statistical models and actuarial techniques used in the field of life insurance. Topics covered are: further analysis of the multiple decrement model; multiple state model; investigating multiple decrement or multiple state experience; emerging costs methods; sickness benefits; financial applications of sickness functions; profit testing for unit-linked business; applications of actuarial techniques to a wide range of insurance problems.

Prerequisite: 17361.

Note: The course 17362 along with 17361 covers all the material for Part D1 of the Institute of Actuaries (UK) examinations.

17363. Risk theory

Risk theory studies the deviations of financial results from those expected and deals with methods of avoiding inconvenient consequences from such deviations. This course deals with ruin theory; credibility; the applications of statistical models and stochastic processes to short-term insurance such as fire insurance, private motor insurance, and short-term disability insurance. The general scope of the course content is as follows: economics of insurance; individual risk models; collective risk models; ruin theory; reinsurance; run-off triangles; credibility theory; loss distributions; applications of risk theory.

Prerequisite: 17328.

Note: (1) The course 17363 along with 17328 covers all the material for Part C2 of the Institute of Actuaries (UK) examinations.
  (2) The course 17363 prepares the student for Course 151 of the Society of Actuaries (US) examinations.

17364. Survival studies

Actuaries work with models which predict the survival pattern of humans or other entities, and frequently use these models as the basis for calculations of considerable financial importance. This course is concerned with the question of how such models are established. This exercise is sometimes referred to as survival-model construction. Topics covered are: the nature and properties of survival models, including both parametric and tabular models; methods of estimating tabular models from both complete and incomplete data samples, including the actuarial, moment, and maximum likelihood estimation techniques; methods of estimating parametric models from both complete and incomplete data samples, including parametric models with concomitant variables; evaluation of estimators from sample data; valuation schedule exposure formulas; practical issues in survival model estimation; statistical models including binomial and Poisson models; practical methods of estimating age specific single decrement rates; analysis of age and duration; practical considerations in life-office data collection, monitoring actual experience against that expected.

Prerequisite: 17202.

Note: (1) The course 17364 along with 17365 covers all the material for Part D2 of the Institute of Actuaries (UK) examinations.
  (2) The course 17364 prepares students for Course 160 of the Society of Actuaries (US) examinations.

17365. Topics in actuarial science

The first part of this course is based on the theory and applications of demography. Topics covered are: conventional and adjusted measures of mortality rates; measures of fertility; demographic characteristics and trends in Hong Kong, Canada, United States, and United Kingdom; evaluation of demographic data; mathematics of population projections; mathematics of stable and stationary populations; introduction to the applications of demographic characteristics and trends to actuarial work; selection and heterogeneity; social and economic effects on mortality and the use of single figure indices; standard mortality tables; risk classification.

The observed mortality rates constitute an initial representation of an assumed underlying law or pattern of mortality. We may undertake a systematic revision of the initial rates with the aim of producing a better representation of the unknown, underlying mortality pattern, than that given by the initial rates itself. This process which is known as graduation is the second topic of this course. Topics covered are: the problems involved in making and testing the graduations of mortality tables, or of other series that are likely to be encountered in the course of an actuary's work; graduation by the moving -weighted average, Whittaker, Bayesian, parametric, graphical, standard table, and smooth-junction interpolation methods; statistical considerations; two-dimensional graduation; analysis and critique of the various methods; examples drawn from the construction of life tables.

Co-requisite: 17202.

Note: (1) The course 17365 along with 17364 covers all the material for Part D2 of the Institute of Actuaries (UK) examinations.
  (2) The course 17365 prepares students for Course 161 and Course 165 of the Society of Actuaries (US) examinations.

24516. Numerical analysis

This course covers both the theoretical and practical aspects of numerical analysis. Emphasis will be on basic principles and practical methods of solution using high speed computers.

Prerequisite: 24303 and knowledge of a programming language.

Note: The course 24516 prepares students for Course 135 of the Society of Actuaries (US) examinations.


List B (Optional Courses in Second or Third Year)

11101. Microeconomic theory

The laws of demand, supply, returns, and costs; price and output determination in different market situations; theory of factor pricing and income distribution; general equilibrium; interest and capital. Assessment: 40% coursework, 60% examination.


11102. Macroeconomic theory

Theories of income, employment, and the price level; analysis of secular growth and business fluctuations; introduction to monetary and fiscal policy. Assessment: 40% coursework, 60% examination.


11204. The economics of finance

A survey of the economic theory underlying corporate and investment finance models, with emphasis on financial instruments. Topics include: balance sheet management and evaluation, capital market equilibrium and efficiency, evolution of credit and money market instruments like financial swaps, stocks and bonds, financial futures and options. Eurocurrencies and the role played by banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions. Assessment: 40% coursework, 60% examination.


11302. International finance

The interpretation of balance of payments and the adjustment to national and international equilibria, through changes in price levels, exchange rates, and national income. Other topics may include: foreign exchange market and Eurocurrency market, alternative exchange rate regimes, capital movements, exchange controls, and international monetary organizations. Assessment: 40% coursework, 60% examination.


12215. Financial accounting I

An introduction to limited liability companies, and the preparation of their accounts to satisfy reporting requirements. The principles of accounting theory and its implications for periodic income determination and asset valuation for corporate and other entities.


12306. Cost accounting

The theory and techniques involved in serving the accounting needs of management in the decision making, control, evaluation and motivational aspects.


12309. Finance

A course on the concepts and techniques involved in the financial decisions of companies, incorporating treasury management, sources and costs of long term finance, capital structure problems and valuation models, dividend policy, and an introduction to the efficiency of capital markets.


12336. Marketing research

This course will cover the broad principles of marketing research. Emphasis will be placed on the use of marketing research as an aid to decision taking. In this spirit students will be introduced to a variety of types of marketing research data. Students will be given the opportunity to engage in practical marketing research based exercises.


24534. Matrix theory and its applications

Matrix theory has a close connection with other mathematical subjects such as linear algebra, functional analysis, and combinatorics. It also plays an important role in the development of many subjects in science, engineering, and social science. In this course, students will be taught the fundamentals of matrix analysis and its applications to various kinds of practical problems. Mathematical software will be used in the course, so that students can learn how to use the computer to solve matrix problems.

Prerequisite: 24303.


List C (Optional Courses for Third Year)

17227. Further topics in probability modelling

This course builds on the basic techniques of probability theory established in 17328, expanding the domain of application to diverse areas and developing new techniques for problem solving.

Prerequisites: 17328 and 24303.


17237. Computer-oriented statistical modelling

This is a computer-oriented course of statistical analysis designed for the statistical major who likes to see theory illustrated by practical computation. Numerous real data sets will be presented for modelling and analysis using statistical packages. The underlying theory of each analysis will be addressed. The course also aims to develop skills of model selection and testing, so that questions of interest can be properly formulated and answered. An important element deals with model review and improvement, when one's first attempt does not adequately fit the data. Modern computer packages such as SAS make this 'interactive data analysis' possible. Assessment: 40% coursework, 60% examination. Examination: One three-hour written paper.

Prerequisite: 17203 or 17262 .


17243. The statistics of investment risk I

Most investments involve some risk. The decision to invest or not is usually made against a background of uncertainty. Whilst prediction of the future is difficult, there are statistical modelling techniques which provide a rational framework for investment decisions, particularly those relating to stock markets and the markets for interest rates, commodities and currencies. Building upon research, both in Hong Kong and abroad, this course presents the prevailing statistical theories for prices and price -change in these vital markets. Particular issues include the distribution of price changes, the concept of an efficient market, the relationship between price movements and trading volume, futures trading, the Black-Scholes formula for option pricing. The general issue of statistics in gambling situations is discussed, as theories of gambling have been an important contribution to the statistics of investment risk.

Prerequisite: 17202.


17244. The statistics of investment risk II

A course in the pricing and trading of financial derivatives, this course seeks to provide students with a strong theoretical background in the pricing of options and futures. Topics covered include option pricing models (Black-Scholes, Cox-Ross-Rubinstein, and Monte Carlo), arbitrage pricing relationships, stochastic volatility, hedging, portfolio insurance, and dynamic trading strategies. In addition, various numerical approaches to option pricing are stressed.

Prerequisite: 17243.


17330. Selected topics in statistics

This course covers a range of topics necessary for work as a professional statistician. Statistical problems can be of many types. Whilst the statistician will face many non-standard situations, they are aided by well-developed theories and methods which bring many problems into a standard framework. This course presents such theory and method. The emphasis may vary slightly from year to year.

Prerequisite: 17203 or 17262 .


17337. Financial time series analysis

This course applies advanced time-series models to the analysis and forecasting of financial time-series data. Topics covered include vector ARIMA modelling, Bayesian vector autoregression, state space models, Kalman filters, unit-root analysis, cointegration and error-correction models, (G)ARCH modelling, regime switching models, tests for nonlinearity, nonlinear and nonparametric regression, neural network methods, stochastic volatility models. The goal is for students to gain expertise in the forecasting and empirical testing of financial models applied to regular and high-frequency financial time series.

Prerequisite: 17318.


17367. Actuarial practice in financial security programmes

This course covers a range of topics in financial security programmes in Canada and the United States of America and various actuarial techniques for financial security programme. Contents include: design, regulation and taxation of the major voluntary financial security programme involving life insurance, health insurance, property and casualty insurance, and employee and pension programmes; characteristics of major social insurance programmes; description of the providers of financial security programme; introduction to taxation of insurance companies; introduction to the techniques of futurism; costing and pricing techniques for financial security programmes; valuation of liabilities for financial security programmes; financial reporting for life insurance company.

Co-requisite: 17361.

Note: The course 17367 helps prepare students for Course 200 and Course 210 of the Society of Actuaries (US) examinations.

17368. Actuarial principles in asset/liability studies

This course covers macroeconomics in the insurance field, the various type of investments used to fund social security programmes, actuarial techniques used in managing insurance portfolios.

Co-requisite: 17361.

Note: The course 17368 helps prepare students for Course 220 and Course 230 of the Society of Actuaries (US) examinations.