MASTER OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(MMedSc)
(See also General Regulations, pp. 1 to 16)
Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) (Part 1)
Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) (Part 2)
Bachelor of Nursing (Part-time) (BNurs)
Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Sciences (BSc[BiomedSc])
M 18 Admission requirements
To be eligible for admission to the courses leading to the degree of Master of Medical Sciences a candidate
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shall comply with the General Regulations; | |
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shall hold a Bachelor's degree with honours or the degrees of MBBS of this University, or another qualification of equivalent standard from this University or from another university or comparable institution accepted for this purpose; and | |
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shall satisfy the examiners in a qualifying examination if required. | |
M 19 Qualifying examination
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A qualifying examination may be set to test the candidate's formal academic ability or his ability to follow the courses of study prescribed. It shall consist of one or more written papers or their equivalent and may include a project report. |
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A candidate who is required to satisfy the examiners in a qualifying examination shall not be permitted to register until he has satisfied the examiners in the examination. |
M 20 Award of degree
To be eligible for the award of the degree of Master of Medical Sciences a candidate
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shall comply with the General Regulations; and |
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shall complete the curriculum and satisfy the examiners in accordance with the regulations set out below. |
M 21 Length of curriculum
The curriculum shall extend over not less than one academic year of full-time study, or an equivalent period of part-time study, with a minimum of 400 hours of prescribed work.
M 22 Completion of curriculum
To complete the curriculum, a candidate
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shall follow instruction in the syllabuses prescribed for the course and complete satisfactorily all required written, practical or clinical work; |
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shall satisfy the examiners in the course by continuous assessments or by written examinations; and |
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shall complete and present a satisfactory dissertation on an approved research project. |
The examiners may also prescribe an oral examination.
M 23 Title of dissertation
The title of the dissertation shall be submitted for approval before the end of the second semester, and the dissertation shall be presented not later than the end of the academic year. The candidate shall submit a statement that the dissertation represents his own work (or in the case of conjoint work, a statement countersigned by his co-worker, which shows his share of the work) undertaken after registration as a candidate for the degree. The examiners may also prescribe an oral or a written examination on the subject of the dissertation.
M 24 Examinations
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A candidate who has failed to satisfy the examiners in the written paper but has presented a satisfactory dissertation and has satisfactorily completed the prescribed written and practical work may be permitted to undertake a further period of study in the course of failure and to be re-examined by a specified date not less than two months after the publication of results. |
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A candidate who has presented an unsatisfactory dissertation but has satisfied the examiners in the written paper and has satisfactorily completed the prescribed written and practical work, may be permitted to revise the dissertation and to re-present it within a specified period of not more than four months after receipt of a notice that it is unsatisfactory. |
M 25
A candidate
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who has failed to satisfy the examiners in the written paper and has presented an unsatisfactory dissertation; or |
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who has failed to satisfy the examiners in a second attempt in the written paper in his dissertation |
shall be recommended for discontinuation of studies under the provisions of General Regulation G 12.
M 26 Examination results
At the conclusion of the examination and after presentation of the dissertations, the names of successful candidates shall be published alphabetically.
SYLLABUSES FOR THE DEGREE
OF
MASTER OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
The MMedSc curriculum shall consist of core and specialized modules, and a dissertation project. A student will be required to take four of the nine core modules and six specialized modules (in a selected field of study). Each module will be 20 hours and the dissertation project will be of 200 hours credited work.
A. CORE MODULES
Candidates will be required to take four modules (20 hours each) (at least 1 module should be selected from either of the two main sections, i.e. Research Methods and Biological Systems) from the following nine core modules:
Research Methods
32803. Laboratory methods and instrumentation
- · Tissue processing and sectioning
- · Immunochemistry
- · Polymerase chain reaction
- · In-situ hybridization
- · Image analysis
- · Flow cytometry
- · ELISA and related methods
- · Hybridoma technology
- · Electron microscopy
- · Laboratory animals
40800. Numerical methods
Statistics in clinical practice:
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Examples of statics in evaluation of clinical practice | |
| (i) | BMJ rules for presenting the results | |
| (ii) | Good clinical trial practice recommendations in the US and Europe; | |
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ABC of statistics ¡X sampling estimation, type I and II errors and the normal distribution; | |
Descriptive statistics: measures for location and spread of data, measurement scales, presentation of data, probability distributions;
Inferential statistics: logic in statistical inference, significance tests on the means, association and correlation, regression analysis, error, power and sample sizes;
Multivariate methods: analysis of variance; multiple regression, statistical models for categorical data, survival analysis.
40801. Epidemiology and critical appraisal
Epidemiology: definitions, measurement and variation, validity and reliability, uses, descriptive epidemiology, rates, ratios, proportions and standardization, interpretation of trends;
Epidemiological surveys: survey methods, cross-sectional, case control and cohort studies, causality; Screening, clinical trials, intervention studies;
Critical appraisal exercises: critical reading of a scientific paper and class practicals.
92800. Imaging and clinical electrophysiological techniques
Imaging techniques:
- · Production of X-rays and conventional radiography
- · Contrast agents and contrast imaging
- · Ultrasound
- · Radionuclide imaging
- · Computed imaging
- · Magnetic resonance imaging
- · Interventional radiology
- · Nerve conduction, velocity, EMG
- · EEG and brain mapping, polysomnographic monitoring
45806. Clinical trials research methodology
- · Introduction to clinical trials
- · Clinical trials designs, blinding and placebo effects
- · Safety and efficacy parameters
- · Protocol writing and review
- · Roles of the team members conducting clinical trials
- · Data processing
- · Data analysis
- · Data interpretation and extrapolation
- · Reports and publications
- · Reviews and meta-analysis
Biological Systems
31802. Cell biology
- · Structure and function of cells
- · Cell cycle and cell death
- · Cell differentiation
- · Biology of tumour cells
- · Neural regeneration
- · Neurotrophic factors
- · Intercellular communication
- · Cell surface receptors
- · Intracellular signal transduction
- · Cellular interaction and immune response
32804. Gene and gene functions
- · Human genetics, regulation of gene expression, cancer and oncogenes, haematopoiesis and leukaemia, viral infection and human diseases, pre-natal diagnosis, gene therapy
- · Molecular genetics of immune function in humans
- · Interaction between viruses and the human genome
34804. Concepts of human physiology
- · Physiological signals
- · The internal environment and regulation of body fluid
- · Nutrition and energy balance
- · The heart and the circulatory system
- · Respiratory physiology
- · Sensation and perception
- · Motor co-ordination
- · Brain and behaviour
- · Homeostasis and concept of control system
- · General principles of endocrine physiology
33805. Principles of drug action
- · Molecular mechanisms of drug-receptor interaction
- · The theoretical basis of dose-response relations
- · The fate of drugs in the body ¡X their absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism
- · The adverse effects of drugs and the mechanisms responsible
- · Drug interactions
- · Pharmacogenetic basis of drug idiosyncrasy
- · Immunochemical basis of drug allergy
- · Mechanism of drug resistancev
- · The development of drug tolerance and physical dependence
B. SPECIALIZED MODULES
In addition, each candidate will be required to take one of the following thirty-six specialized fields of study.
A total of six modules will be selected. At least four must be taken in the Department in which the candidate is based; the remaining two can be taken in another Department(s) but must be related to the chosen specialized field of study.
Department of Anatomy
31801. Current topics in anatomy
The candidate is required to choose a total of six modules from the modules listed below.
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Regulatory peptides; |
| 1 | Use of animal models for the study of neurodegenerative disorders; |
| 1 | Current techniques for study of brain research (neurocytology): immunocytochemistry, tracers, in-situ hybridization, histochemistry, enzyme histochemistry, quantitative microscopy; |
| 1 | Neurobiology: neurotransmitters in the nervous system; |
| 1 | Gross anatomy of specialized anatomical regions; |
| 1 | Embryology of preimplantation embryos; |
| 1 | Human embryology; |
| 1 | Regeneration in the central nervous system; |
| 1 | Developmental neurobiology; |
| 1 | Epithelial cell biology and pathology; |
| 1 | Control of cell proliferation; |
| 1 | Molecular genetics of cancer; |
| 1 | Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions; |
| 1 | Growth factors; |
| 1 | Neurotrophic factors in health and diseases. |
Department of Biochemistry
32805. Frontiers of biochemistry and molecular biology
The candidate is required to choose a total of six modules from the modules listed below. It is also possible for candidates to select up to two modules, on topics related to the theme of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, from other Departments.
| Module Value | Modules |
| 2 | Principles of molecular genetics: chromosome structure, DNA replication, transcription and translation, recombination and transposon, mutation, DNA polymorphism and RFLP, gene cloning, gene evolution, prokaryotic gene expression; |
| 2 | Molecular biology of the gene: control of eukaryotic gene expression, DNA-protein interaction, molecular basis of development; |
| 2 | Advanced biochemistry I: Characteristics and properties of enzymes and regulatory proteins, enzyme actions and kinetics, metabolic regulation by various post-translational modification mechanisms, molecular and cellular signal transduction and information transfer; |
| 2 | Advanced biochemistry II: The general principles that govern the formation of macromolecular structure and interactions, the physical and chemical techniques for determining the static and dynamic structure of macromolecules, molecular interactions, structure and function relationships; |
| 1 | Applied human biochemistry: molecular basis of clinical immunology; immunity to infection, vaccination, immunodeficiency diseases, organ transplantation, autoimmune diseases, current practice and further prospects in clinical biochemistry; |
| 2 | Biochemistry seminar: present and attend seminars; criticize, think, write and talk about biochemical issues; organize mini-conferences; technical reviews; research proposals; communication skills; personal and career development. |
Clinical Trials Centre
45807. Clinical trials research methodology
The candidate is required to choose a total of six modules from the modules listed below.
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Introduction to clinical trials: phase 1-4 trials, basic concepts of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), basic concepts of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), introduction to Good Clinical Practice (GCP), information searching by Medline and Get-A-Ref, introduction to the International Conference on Harmonization-Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP); |
| 1 | Clinical trials designs, blinding and placebo effects: study design ¡X parallel, crossover and sequential, advantages and disadvantages of each design, issues in sample size determination and practice using INSTAT, types of clinical trial blinding, placebo responses, introduction to SAS (Statistical Analysis System); |
| 1 | Safety and efficacy parameters: choosing and measuring safety parameters, adverse events, safety data management, choosing and measuring efficacy parameters, biomedical efficacy estimates, quality of life efficacy estimates, surrogate outcomes, cointervention and contamination, laboratory investigations, general and special laboratory techniques used in clinical trials; |
| 1 | Protocol writing and review: ethical committee, informed consent, medico-legal implications, data form and questionnaire design, translation and validation of quality of life instruments, study protocol, clinical standard operation procedures (SOP), data screen input development using SAS; |
| 0.5 | Randomization and recruitment: randomization methods, randomization list in SAS, roles of the team members conducting clinical trials, roles and responsibilities of team members, legal issues for team members, economic and budget issues, publication rights, investigational product management, monitoring issues, recruitment methods, patient compliance, study documents; |
| 1 | Data processing: data editing, data entry coding, quality control, quality assurance, auditing clinical trials, regulatory issues, practical course in SAS I; |
| 2.5 | Data analysis: biostatistics, analytic issues such as multiple group comparison, multiple outcomes, repeated measures, interim analysis, subgroup analysis, categorical data analysis, time-to-event analysis, practical course in SAS II; |
| 0.5 | Data interpretation and extrapolation: tools and techniques for data interpretation, types of extrapolation, dimensions of extrapolation, published examples; |
| 1 | Reports and publications: study closure and archiving, presentation techniques, manuscript presentation, final report, graphics, slides and posters, presentation techniques in terms of Ventura and Harvard Graphics; |
| 0.5 | Reviews and meta-analysis: evaluation of designs and reports, presentation and publication of clinical trials. |
Department of Diagnostic Radiology
92801. Clinical imaging
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Clinical applications of ultrasound; |
| 2 | Clinical applications of computed tomography; |
| 2 | Musculoskeletal radiology; |
| 1 | Hepatobiliary radiology |
Department of Medicine
41800. Clinical haematology
(The following modules are available to medical graduates only.)
The candidate is required to choose a total of six modules from the modules listed below.
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Peripheral smear and bone marrow examination; |
| 1 | Molecular biology; |
| 2 | General haematology; |
| 3 | Cancer chemotherapy; |
| 3 | Bone marrow transplant. |
42801. Critical cardio-respiratory medicine
(The following modules are available to medical graduates only.)
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1.5 | Applied anatomy and pathophysiology, equipment, investigations and monitoring; |
| 2 | Core curriculum on management of critical cardio-respiratory conditions; |
| 2 | Study of clinical cases in ICU and CCU; |
| 0.5 | Rehabilitation, quality assurance and research. |
Department of Microbiology
42800. Medical microbiology
The candidate is required to choose a total of six modules from the modules listed below.
| Module Value | Modules |
| 3 | Diagnostic microbiology including bacteriology, mycology, parasitology, and virology; |
| 1 | Molecular technique in detection and typing of microbial agents; |
| 1 | Serodiagnosis and immunization; |
| 2 | Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, the problem of antimicrobial resistance; |
| 1 | Infection in the immunosuppressed host; |
| 1 | Infection control and hospital epidemiology; |
| 1 | Clinical infectious diseases and the approach to management. |
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
43800. Assisted reproduction technology (clinical)
(The following modules are available to medical graduates only.)
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Assessment and principles of management of patients with subfertility; |
| 4 | Use of gonadotrophin, GnRH and intrauterine insemination (including the use of pelvic ultrasound in monitoring), assisted reproduction; |
| 1 | Laboratory techniques in assisted reproduction. |
43802. Assisted reproduction technology (laboratory)
| Module Value | Modules |
| 0.5 | Reproductive physiology, assessment and principles of management of patients with subfertility; |
| 0.5 | Advanced laboratory techniques in assisted reproduction; |
| 3 | Running of an assisted reproduction laboratory; |
| 1 | Semen preparation and assessment of sperm function; |
| 1 | Embryo culture and cryopreservation in assisted reproduction. |
46800. Basic colposcopy
(The following modules are available to medical graduates only.)
| Module Value | Modules |
| 0.5 | Normal anatomy, cytology, histology of the cervix, the principles of, and equipment for, colposcopy; |
| 1 | Cytology and histology of abnormal cervical lesions and other lower genital tract abnormalities; |
| 4.5 | Colposcopy ¡X diagnosis and treatment of cervical lesions. |
43801. Obstetric and gynaecological ultrasonography
(The following modules are available to medical graduates only.)
| Module Value | Modules |
| 0.05 | Physics and bioeffects of ultrasound, scanning techniques, choice of equipment; |
| 1 | Early pregnancy: diagnosis, foetal viability, ectopic pregnancy; |
| 1.5 | Dating and foetal growth; |
| 0.45 | Liquor, placenta and cervix; |
| 2 | Foetal anomalies: screening; |
| 1 | General gynaecology. |
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
48800. Hand surgery
| Module Value | Modules |
| 0.5 | Applied anatomy and physiology of the hand; |
| 0.5 | Functional assessment of hand injuries; |
| 1.5 | Laboratory techniques with skin flaps, tendon repairs/transfers, nerve repairs, fracture reconstruction, microvascular surgery; |
| 2 | Study of clinical problems: traumatic, congential, or infective problems; |
| 1.5 | Rehabilitation of function after hand injury. |
48801. Spine surgery
| Module Value | Modules |
| 0.5 | Biomechanics and assessment of patients with back problems; |
| 0.5 | Intraoperative spinal cord monitoring; |
| 0.5 | Laboratory techniques: approaches to the spine, anterior instrumentation, posterior instrumentation; |
| 0.5 | Imaging for spinal problems, applications of computed imaging such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (half of this topic will be given in conjunction with the Department of Diagnostic Radiology); |
| 2 | Study of clinical problems in 200 patients; |
| 2 | Operative surgery. |
Department of Paediatrics
45804. Child neurology and development and basic concepts of evaluating paediatric practice
The candidate is required to choose a total of six modules from the modules listed below.
| Module Value | Modules |
| 0.5 | Clinical skills in assessment of neurological and development status of children at different ages of maturation; |
| 2 | Neurophysiological tests for children: EEG, VEEG, ambulatory EEG, EMG, NCV, BAEP, VEP, SSEP; |
| 1.5 | Problem solving: 100 children with neurodevelopmental disorders, both acute and chronic; |
| 2 | Neurorehabilitation in paediatric practice; |
| 1 | Laboratory research techniques and molecular studies of hereditary diseases: general and special laboratory techniques in paediatric research; molecular basis of some common hereditary diseases; molecular biology tools for studying hereditary diseases. |
45802. Immunology and hematology and basic concepts of evaluating paediatric practice
The candidate is required to choose a total of six modules from the modules listed below.
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Basic concepts in paediatric immunology and haematology: ontogeny of the immune system and haematopoiesis; mechanisms and actions of growth factors, interleukins and interferons; molecular genetics of immune and haematological disorders; autoimmunity; principles and practice of ELISA, radioimmunoassays, flow cytometry, western and southern blotting, tissue culture, PCR and sequencing; |
| 5 | Study of clinical problems in 100 patients: pathogenesis; clinical manifestations; diagnosis; management including BMT, IVIG and growth factors; |
| 1 | Laboratory research techniques and molecular studies of hereditary diseases: general and special laboratory techniques in paediatric research; molecular basis of some common hereditary diseases; molecular biology tools for studying hereditary diseases. |
45800. Neonatology and basic concepts of evaluating paediatric practice
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Basic clinical concepts: perinatal physiology; neonatal adaptations; common neonatal conditions: RDS, NNJ, NEC, etc; |
| 0.5 | Intensive care: monitoring devices; respiratory/ventilator care; |
| 3.0 | Study of clinical neonatal problems: pathophysiology; clinical features; diagnosis and management; ultrasonography including Doppler studies on cerebral blood flow; |
| 0.5 | Follow-up/developmental assessment: long term sequelae of immaturity, asphyxia and other perinatal problems; developmental assessment; |
| 0.5 | Special neonatal problems reviewed: in-depth review of a specific neonatal problem; analysis and compilation of data; |
| 0.5 | Laboratory research techniques and molecular studies of hereditary diseases: general and special laboratory techniques in paediatric research; molecular basis of some common hereditary diseases; molecular biology tools for studying hereditary diseases. |
45805. Paediatric cardiology
The candidate is required to choose a total of six modules from the modules listed below.
| Module Value | Modules |
| 2 | Principles and practice of paediatric cardiology: pathology, haemodynamics and natural course of congenital heart diseases; interpretation of clinical signs; approach to diagnosis of neonatal heart diseases; management of congenital heart diseases including post-operative intensive care; |
| 2 | Investigations in paediatric cardiology: interpretation of chest radiography; interpretation of electrocardiography; stress testings: treadmill ergometry; interpretation of 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiography; introduction to electrophysiological studies (EPS), indications and interpretation of simple results of EPS; |
| 3 | Echocardiography: 2-dimensional, Doppler, colour flow mapping and M-mode echocardiography; prenatal screening: fetal echocardiography; transesophageal echocardiography; stress echocardiography; |
| 2 | Cardiac catherterization: indications of catheterization; basic techniques and safe practice of cardiac catheterization; interpretation of haemodynamic results; interpretation of cineangiography; |
| 1 | Research project (to conduct a research project with): literature review; data collection and analysis; result presentation; written report. |
45801. Paediatric endocrinology and basic concepts of evaluating paediatric practice
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Basic concepts in paediatric endocrinology: anatomy, physiology, embryology and development of endocrine glands; mechanisms and actions of homones and growth factors; molecular genetics of endocrine disorders; inborn error of metabolism; principles and practice of radioimmunoassays, radioreceptor assays, radioligand blotting, western blotting and tissue culture; |
| 1 | Dynamic tests of endocrine functions in children: theoretical basis of endocrine test; practical conduct of various tests; interpretation; |
| 0.5 | Growth: normal foetal and postnatal growth; methods of auxological anthropometry; growth standards ¡X use and abuse; factors affecting growth; abberant growth patterns; |
| 3 | Study of clinical endocrine problems: pathogenesis; clinical manifestations; diagnosis and management; |
| 0.5 | Laboratory research techniques and molecular studies of hereditary diseases: general and special laboratory techniques in paediatric research; molecular basis of some common hereditary diseases; molecular biology tools for studying hereditary diseases. |
Department of Pathology
46801. Pathological sciences or histopathology or haematology or immunology or molecular pathology or chemical pathology
The candidate is encouraged to select a major stream of study from one of the above subjects.
The candidate is required to choose a total of six modules from the modules listed below. For a medical graduate, a minimum of two should be chosen from the Group A modules. Where there are insufficient students enrolling in any one module, it may not be offered and our co-ordinators will advise the candidate to choose a related one.
Group A modules
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Principles of pathology; |
| 1 | Principles of electron microsopy; |
| 1 | Immunohistochemistry; |
| 1 | Biology of neoplasia; |
| 2 | Molecular genetics of cancer and Cancer cytogenetics; |
| 2 | Techniques and applications of molecular pathology; |
| 1 | Flow cytometry; |
| 1 | Molecular haematology; |
| 1 | Principles of immunology; |
| 1 | Clinical laboratory immunology; |
| 2 | Investigation of lipid and endocrine disorders; |
| 2 | Reference values, biological variation, quality assurance and related topics; |
| 2 | Analytical techniques in clinical biochemistry; |
| 2 | Biochemical investigation of disorders of water, electrolyte and calcium metabolism; |
| 1 | Investigation of inborn errors of metabolism; |
| 1 | Laboratory management and laboratory safety. |
Group B modules
(The following modules are available to medical graduates only.)
| Module Value | Modules |
| Histopathology modules | |
| 2 | Surgical pathology; |
| 1 | Autopsy pathology; |
| 2 | Cytopathology; |
| 2 | Ultrastructural pathology; |
| 1 | Neuropathology; |
| 1 | Gynaecological cytology and histopathology. |
| Haematology modules | |
| 2 | Transfusion medicine and haemostasis; |
| 1 | Morphologic haematology. |
| Immunology modules | |
| 1 | Immunological disorders. |
Department of Pharmacology
33806. Current topics in pharmacology
The candidate is required to choose a total of six modules from the modules listed below.
| Module Value | Modules |
| 2 | Basic and applied toxicology: the nature and mechanism of the toxicity of natural and synthetic substances, current methods for determining and evaluating potential health hazards and risks; |
| 2 | Drugs for gastrointestinal diseases: current understanding of the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal ulcers and inflammatory bowl diseases, the rationale and the strategy of drug treatment and the future directions of drug development for ulcer disease; |
| 2 | Drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: antihypertensive drug therapy, vasodilators and diuretics, new development in vasoactive compounds; |
| 2 | Treatment of ischaemic heart disease: lipid-lowering agents and choice of therapy, antiarrhythmic agents, therapy for heart failure; |
| 2 | Drugs for the treatment of respiratory disorders: bronchodilators, cough suppressants, anti-allergic agents. |
Department of Physiology
34805. Current topics in physiology
The candidate is required to choose a total of six modules from the modules listed below.
| Module Value | Modules |
| 6 | Cell physiology; |
| 6 | Electrophysiology and brain function; |
| 6 | Cardiovascular sciences; |
| 6 | Endocrinology. |
Department of Psychiatry
47800. Medical psychology
The candidate is required to choose a total of six modules from the modules listed below.
| Module Value | Modules |
| 3 | Uses and application of instrumentation in psychometrics; |
| 3 | Psychological assessment of a patient with chronic illness; |
| 3 | Counselling of a patient with chronic illness. |
47801. Sleep disorder
The candidate is required to choose a total of six modules from the modules listed below.
| Module Value | Modules |
| 2 | Physiology of sleep; |
| 2 | Sleep pathology; |
| 2 | Clinical assessment of sleep disorder; |
| 2 | Physiological assessment of sleep disorder; |
| 2 | Treatment of sleep disorder. |
Department of Surgery
48803. Breast surgery
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Surgical anatomy and physiology of the breast; |
| 1 | Surgical pathology of breast disease; |
| 1 | Radiological investigations in breast disease and screening for breast cancer (in conjunction with the Department of Diagnostic Radiology); |
| 1 | Reconstruction and cosmetic surgery of the breast; |
| 1 | Psychological morbidity of breast disease (in conjunction with the Department of Psychiatry); |
| 1 | Breast clinic. |
48807. Colorectal surgery
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Surgical anatomy and physiology of the colon, rectum and pelvic floor; |
| 1 | Surgical pathology of the large bowel; |
| 1 | Investigation for large bowel diseases; |
| 1 | Benign conditions affecting the colon, rectum and anus; |
| 1 | Malignant conditions affecting the colon, rectum and anus; |
| 1 | Research project. |
48806. Ear, nose and throat surgery
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Investigatory procedure: |
| Acoustic rhinomanometry; | |
| 1 | Investigatory procedure: |
| Otoacoustic emission; | |
| 1 | Balance test; |
| 1 | Brainstem evoked response audiometry; |
| 2 | Use of the laser in ENT. |
48808. Gastroduodenal surgery
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Anatomy and physiology of the stomach and duodenum; |
| 1 | Study of specific clinical problems e.g. peptic ulcer, Zollinger ¡X Ellison syndrome, gastric carcinoma; |
| 1 | Ultrasonography; |
| 1 | Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy; |
| 1 | Surgical treatment of benign and malignant conditions; |
| 1 | Laparoscopic surgery. |
48807. Head and neck surgery
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Assessment of the extent of head and neck cancer: (a) endoscopy, (b) other investigations; |
| 2 | Laboratory practice of microsurgery; |
| 2 | Microvascular free flap reconstruction; |
| 1 | Regional flap reconstruction. |
48804. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Surgical anatomy of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas; |
| 1 | Percutaneous laparoscopic and intraoperative ultrasonography; |
| 2 | Study of specific clinical problems e.g. hepatocellular carcinoma, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, acute pancreatitis (250 patients); |
| 1 | Laparoscopic surgery; |
| 1 | Hepatectomy and other major surgical procedures. |
48809. Neurosurgery
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Introduction to neurophysiology and neurobiochemistry; |
| 1 | Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow; |
| 1 | Methods of measuring cerebral blood flow clinically and experimentally, biochemical changes during cerebral ischaemia, cerebral ischaemia: pathogenesis, aetiology and management in various brain disorders; |
| 1 | Application of monitoring methods to critically ill neurosurgical patients; |
| 1 | Introduction to neurovascular surgery; |
| 1 | Applications of basic science to clinical management of patients with vascular disorders. |
48810. Oesophageal surgery
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Epidemiology; |
| 1 | Treatment options for oesophageal carcinoma; |
| 1 | Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy; |
| 1 | Surgery for oesophageal cancer; |
| 1 | Benign diseases of the oesophagus; |
| 1 | Minimal access surgery of the oesophagus (benign and malignant diseases). |
48802. Paediatric surgery
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Neonatal surgery; |
| 1 | General paediatric surgery; |
| 1 | Paediatric urology; |
| 1 | Hepatobiliary surgery, including transplantation; |
| 1 | Endosurgery: gI endoscopy, bronchoscopy, laparoscopy, diagnostic and therapeutic; |
| 1 | Formulation courses on research: basic laboratory skills, handling of animals, basic developmental urology and genetics, clinical research. |
48811. Plastic and reconstructive surgery
| Module Value | Modules |
| 2 | Care of acute and chronic wounds; |
| 1 | Principles of flap surgery; |
| 1 | Congenital deformities and management; |
| 1 | Traumatic injuries and management; |
| 1 | Microsurgery for reconstruction. |
48812. Surgical endocrinology
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Surgical anatomy of the thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands; |
| 1 | Endocrine surgical pathology; |
| 1 | Management of common surgical endocrine problems including thyroid nodule, thyroid cancer and primary hyperparathyroidism; |
| 1 | Localization of endocrine tumours; |
| 1 | Laparoscopic adrenal surgery; |
| 1 | Thyroid and parathyroid surgery. |
48813. Urology
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Urolithiasis; |
| 1 | Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL); |
| 1 | Endourology; |
| 2 | Urodynamics: principles and practice; |
| 1 | Benign prostatic hyperplasia. |
48814. Vascular surgery/non-invasive vascular laboratory imaging techniques
| Module Value | Modules |
| 1 | Anatomy, physiology, haemodynamics and ultrasound physics; |
| 1 | Basic principles of Doppler assessment of blood flow in normal and pathological conditions; |
| 2 | Real-time colour Doppler imaging of cerebral and peripheral arteries; |
| 1 | Colour Doppler assessment of venous obstruction and incompetence; |
| 1 | Detection, quantitation, and prediction of cerebrovascular insufficiency. |
FREE-STANDING MODULES may be taken as alternatives to replace some of the required six specialized modules in the candidate's chosen field of study listed above. They are:
| Module | ||||
| Department | Value | Modules | ||
|
Anaesthesiology | 91800. Pain | ||
| 0.5 | Mechanisms of pain and its management; applied physiology and pharmacology; interventional techniques. | |||
|
Radiation | 35800. Principles of oncology care | ||
| Oncology | 1 | Cancer biology; principles of treatment with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and hormonal therapy; radical versus palliative treatment; principles of multimodality treatment; clinical decision -making and use of prognostic factors; palliative care; hospice care; future developments in cancer treatment. | ||
|
Radiation | 35801. Radiation oncology | ||
| Oncology | 1 | Principles of radiation physics; principles of radiation biology; external radiation; brachytherapy; use of unsealed radioactive sources in cancer treatment; radiotherapy as part of multimodality treatment; sequelae of radiotherapy; recent advances in radiotherapy and future developments. |
C. DISSERTATION
The dissertation shall comprise a record of substantial experimental work on the project, or a review of the existing literature on the subject of the project, presented in a form suitable for publication. A minimum of 200 hours is required for the project.
Note: Some modules in the specialized fields of study may be changed from time to time, and candidates will be guided in selecting alternatives by the Head of the Department concerned.
