(See also General Regulations)

Any publication based on work approved for a higher degree should contain a reference to the effect that the work was submitted to the University of Hong Kong for the award of the degree.

Admission requirements

Ar74   To be eligible for admission to the degree of Master of Landscape Architecture a candidate

(a)	shall comply with the General Regulations;
(b)	shall hold
	(i)	a Bachelor's degree with honours of this University; or
	(ii)	another qualification of equivalent standard from this University or from another University or comparable institution accepted for this purpose; and
(c)	shall satisfy the examiners in a qualifying examination if required.

Qualifying examination

Ar75

(a)	A qualifying examination may be set to test the candidate's formal academic ability or his ability to follow the prescribed courses. It shall consist of one or more written papers or their equivalent and may include a project report.
(b)	A candidate who is required to satisfy the examiners in a qualifying examination shall not be permitted to register until he has satisfied the examiners in the examination.

Award of degree

Ar76   To be eligible for the award of the degree of Master of Landscape Architecture a candidate

(a)	shall comply with the General Regulations; and
(b)	shall complete the curriculum and satisfy the examiners in accordance with the regulations set out below.

Curriculum

Ar77

(a)	The curriculum shall extend over not less than two years of full-time study.
(b)	To complete the curriculum a candidate shall
	(i)	follow instruction in the prescribed courses including prerequisite summer course but excluding courses for which he has been granted exemption on the recommendation of the Head and the Course Co-ordinator, and subject to confirmation by the Higher Architecture Degrees Committee, and complete satisfactorily all coursework requirements set either as tests or as parts of any examination; and
	(ii)	satisfy the examiners at the First and Final Examinations in the manner specified below.
(c)	The First Examination shall comprise an examination of the candidate's completed projects and coursework in Landscape planning and design I and II, and may include an oral examination, two elective courses, and the following six core courses:
	(i)	Landscape planting I
	(ii)	Landscape technology I
	(iii)	Landscape technology II
	(iv)	History and theory of landscape architecture I
	(v)	History and theory of landscape architecture II
	(vi)	Ecology and design
(d)	The Final Examination shall comprise an examination of the candidate's completed projects and coursework in Landscape planning and design III and IV, and shall include an oral examination, two elective courses , and the following six core courses:
	(i)	Landscape planting II
	(ii)	Computer-aided design methods for landscape architecture I
	(iii)	Computer-aided design methods for landscape architecture II
	(iv)	Landscape architectural practice I
	(v)	Landscape architectural practice II
	(vi)	Soils and the environment
(e)	Any of the lecture courses may include one or more coursework components such as tests, essays, exercises, field work and other guided studies including their oral and documentary presentation by the students. In assessing a candidate's work in a lecture course, his coursework items and his written examination will be compounded in proportions to be decided by the teacher(s) of that course.
(f)	At the discretion of the Head of the Department, field work on one or more guided trips outside of Hong Kong may form an integral part of the curriculum for the degree.
(g)	The choice of elective courses by each candidate is subject to prior approval by the teacher(s) of the courses and by MLA staff.

Examinations

Ar78

(a)	A candidate who has failed to satisfy the examiners in not more than two courses in the First Examination may be permitted to present himself for re-examination in the failed course(s) at a specified date. If he again fails to satisfy the examiners he may be permitted to proceed to the final year of the curriculum and to present himself for re-examination in the course once more, at a third attempt, when the examination is next held.
(b)	A candidate who has failed to satisfy the examiners in not more than three courses in the First Examination at a first attempt may be permitted to present himself for re-examination in the failed courses at a specified date. If he is not so permitted, or if he has failed to satisfy the examiners at a second attempt he shall be required to repeat all or part of the first year of the curriculum and to present himself for re-examination in the courses repeated when the examinations are next held.
(c)	A candidate who has failed to satisfy the examiners in more than three courses in the First Examination at a first attempt may be permitted to repeat the courses of failure and to present himself for re-examination in the courses when the examinations are next held. If he again fails to satisfy the examiners, he may be permitted to be re-examined in the courses of failure at a third and last attempt when the examinations are next held. He shall not be permitted to proceed to the final year of the curriculum until he has satisfied the examiners in all courses in the First Examination.
(d)	A candidate who has failed to satisfy the examiners in Landscape planning and design I and II in the First Examination may be required to repeat all or part of the first year of the curriculum and to present himself for re-examination in the repeated courses when the examinations are next held.
(e)	No candidates shall be permitted more than two attempts at Landscape planning and design I and II, or more than three attempts at any other course except in exceptional circumstances with the specific permission of the Senate.

Ar79

(a)	A candidate who has failed to satisfy the examiners in not more than three courses in the Final Examination may be permitted to present himself for re-examination in the course(s) at specified date.
(b)	If the candidate fails again to satisfy the examiners at the re-examination, he shall be permitted to present himself for re-examination only once more at a third attempt when the examination is next held.
(c)	A candidate who has failed to satisfy the examiners in Landscape planning and design III and IV may be permitted to present himself for re-examination at a specified date. If he again fails to satisfy the examiners he may present himself only once more at a third attempt when the examinations are next held. If he is not so permitted, he shall be required to repeat all or part of the final year of the curriculum and to present himself for re-examination when the examinations are next held.
(d)	A candidate who has failed to satisfy the examiners in any course(s) at the third attempt shall be recommended for discontinuation of studies under the provisions of General Regulation G 12.

Examination Results

Ar80

(a)	At the conclusion of the examination a pass list of candidates awarded the degree of Master of Landscape Architecture shall be published. A candidate who has shown exceptional merit at the whole of the examination may be awarded a mark of distinction, and this mark shall be recorded on the candidate's degree diploma.
(b)	A candidate who has presented himself more than once for Final Examination in any of the core courses shall not be eligible for distinction unless the Senate directs that he shall be so eligible because of exceptional circumstances.

SYLLABUSES FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

SUMMER COURSE:

ARCH 7010

Basic design and graphics

An intensive introductory course of about 4 weeks in duration in two- and three-dimensional design, aesthetics, basic skills in sketching, free-hand and mechanical drawing. Holders of an architectural or landscape architectural degree are exempted from this course.

FIRST YEAR COURSES:

ARCH 7011 & ARCH 7012

Landscape planning and design I and II

This studio course engages students in practical problem-solving exercises in landscape architecture under staff guidance and supervision. Projects will call for design integration of the many factors which shape our physical landscapes including ecology, society, urban design, and architectural parameters, with special attention being paid to local and regional characteristics. Besides a major project, sketch design problems will be set to train and test students' ability to produce and express design concepts with reason, imagination and sensitivity under time constraints. Field trips will be required.

ARCH 7013

Landscape planting I

This course helps students to acquire basic knowledge and skills commonly called for in landscape planting design and management. After an introductory overview of plant physiology, ecology and taxonomy, the course focuses on plant species used in landscape works in this region. Environmental, functional, amenity, health, ornamental and other purposes and parameters of landscape planting are then dealt with, followed by design applications, conventions and skills in the preparation of documents for landscape planting.

ARCH 7014

Landscape technology I

This course covers the basic theory and practice of site engineering for landscape architects including earthworks, grading, drainage, basic surveying and road alignment. Earth materials, soil mechanics, and site investigation will be reviewed as a basis to site engineering operations. Coursework may include regular assignments, site visits, and site study reports.

ARCH 7015

Landscape technology II

As a continuation of Landscape technology I, this course covers landscape architectural construction materials and landscape architectural construction design and detailing. Retaining walls, outdoor paving, lighting, fountains, and other landscape construction elements are included. Coursework may include regular assignments, site visits, and site study reports.

ARCH 7016

History and theory of landscape architecture I

Illustrated lectures will be given on the historical development of landscape design in its various cultural contexts. Basic theory of design as related to landscape architecture will be dealt with as a basis for the studio course in landscape planning and design. Coursework may include studies on selected topics and a sketch book assignment.

ARCH 7017

History and theory of landscape architecture II

As a continuation of History and theory of landscape architecture I, this course continues to examine the historical development of landscape design in its various geographic and cultural context, including recent and contemporary designs. The theory and practice of contemporary landscape architecture will be dealt with. Coursework may include studies on selected topics and a sketch book assignment.

ARCH 7018

Ecology and design

This course covers the basic principles of ecology, with special emphasis on urban environments and the impact of construction and land development on natural processes.

SECOND YEAR COURSES:

ARCH 8011 & ARCH 8012

Landscape planning and design III and IV

This course is a continuation of Landscape planning and design I and II, and concludes with a design thesis where a written report is also required. Candidates are required to demonstrate a mature understanding of their chosen topics during an oral examination. Subject to staff approval, a written dissertation may be undertaken in lieu of the design thesis.

ARCH 8013

Landscape planting II

As a continuation of course ARCH 7013 Landscape planting I, this course deals with the more technical, administrative and management aspects of landscape planting. Topics to be focused on include trees in cities and amenity turfgrass. The course concludes with maintenance and management considerations.

ARCH 8014

Computer-aided design methods for landscape architecture I

This course provides a study of current computer techniques which can be used by landscape architects as design aids. General computer related knowledge such as internet, word processing, and image processing will be reviewed. Two- and three-dimensional drafting, design, and presentation techniques will be covered.

ARCH 8015

Computer-aided design methods for landscape architecture II

As a continuation of computer-aided design methods for landscape architecture I, this course provides a more specialized study of current computer technique and related knowledge. Landscape specific techniques such as three-dimensional terrain modeling, site planning and analysis, planting and irrigation, and geographic information systems will be covered. Philosophical and management aspects relating to the technology will also be discussed.

ARCH 8016

Landscape architectural practice I

This course deals with the principles of landscape architectural practice. After an introduction to the scope and conduct of landscape architectural practice including contract law and other relevant laws and enactments affecting it, the various parameters of management practice are discussed. The different forms of contract procurement and the sequential stages of conventional projects are next explained, from design to tender procedures. Coursework such as study reports and exercises, and office visits may be required.

ARCH 8017

Landscape architectural practice II

Continuing from Landscape architectural practice I, this course deals with the roles played by members in the project team in the post-contract stages, focussing especially on the work of landscape consultants in the process from work commencement to final completion. Coursework such as study reports and exercises, and office visits may be required.

ARCH 8018

Soils and the environment

This course has been designed to encompass the essential ingredients of soil science in relation to vegetation and conservation relevant to landscape, planning and environmental practices. As far as possible, local examples and case studies are employed to illustrate the actual applications of knowledge to the preparation, amelioration and long-term management of soils. Field work and laboratory practical classes are integral parts of the course.

ELECTIVE COURSES¹:

ARCH 6029

Principles of building for landscape architecture

This course provides an introduction to the practical design and construction process, with emphasis upon the principles, basic elements, materials and form within traditional construction. This course is an extension of ARCH 1005 Principles of building. Additional coursework may be required.

ARCH 6030

Contemporary Japanese architecture

This course intends to signify the differences and similarities of spatial conceptions between Western and Japanese architecture. This course is an extension of 65352 History and theory of architecture. Additional coursework may be required.

ARCH 6031

Horticulture and design

This course deals with botanical and horticultural principles and practices in relation to design. It covers the hierarchical nature of the plant kingdom, the physiological relationships between structure and function of plant organs, responses of plants to environmental factors, techniques for plant multiplication, selection of plants suitable for use particularly in urban areas, species interactions and management of landscaped sites in terms of nutritional requirements and control of pests and diseases. Field trips will be required.

ARCH 6001

Public housing in urban development

The course investigates the production of housing within the social, political and spatial conditions in urban development.

Topics include social and economic determinants of housing location, standards and quality of design; impact on urban development; analysis of housing production including site and infrastructure, provisions; constraints and innovations in the housing industry; case studies.

ARCH 6002

Chinese landscapes

Beginning with a background survey of the varied landscapes of China - physical, functional, pictorial, cultural - the course proceeds to focus on an unique landscape type: the Chinese garden. Its tangible elements, both natural and man-made, together with its intentions, poetics and symbolisms will be analyzed, leading to an appreciation of integrated compositions as exemplified by well-known gardens from that historical tradition. Theories on their aesthetics and design as well as their relationship with Chinese architecture, philosophy, literature and painting will also be explored and discussed.

ARCH 6003

Vernacular architecture of Asia

Vernacular built-form is the most obvious and direct means of expression of a people and its culture. Through the examination of different indigenous building types in different parts of Asia, viz. China, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, students are able to develop a broader sense of understanding of the relationship between architecture, climate and culture.

ARCH 6005

The design of Chinese cities

The course looks into the basic physical organization and development of traditional Chinese cities. It aims to introduce the comparative method in understanding how built forms, particularly public built forms, express certain aspirations of a culture, and how culture itself conditions their usage.

Field trips form an integral part of the course.

ARCH 6009

Art in architecture

The course attempts to build a bridge between students' professional architectural training and a broader education in the relevant liberal arts areas: in the psychology and philosophies of art and the history of art as it relates to architecture. Topics include an overview of aesthetic theories, on how ideas gain physical shape: the historical background, recent systematic theories, interpretation, criticism and the issue of art and linguistics versus architecture: from Aristotle, Hume, Kant, Hegel, Tolstoy to Dewey, Langer, Goodman, Hirsch, Foucault, Arnheim, Moore, Lynch. The course will also address the issues of the social and environmental responsibilities of architecture, as well as the sentiments towards architectural conservation as societies seek to preserve their artistic and cultural identities.

ARCH 6015

Computer-aided architectural design system management

An in-depth study of managerial and technical issues of CAD system management in architectural practices. It includes CAD system customization, factors affecting productivity, measurement of system performance, staff training, ergonomics and other human factors.

ARCH 6023

The computer in architecture

An introduction to computer-related tools and techniques useful to architects in professional practice. It includes the use of computers for office automation and management as well as various design and analysis applications in architecture and related fields.

ARCH 6025

Computer graphics for architects

An in-depth study of computer graphics as an architectural design and presentation medium. Overview of computer graphic hardware, software and algorithm. Computer graphics standards. Internal structures of modellers and renderers.

ARCH 6039

Design and construction management

The course examines key management tasks in the design and construction process related to urban projects. Topics include cost planning and design management, design and construction coordination, organization of a mega project, contractural systems and implications for productivity and cost, project planning, site organization and management.

ARCH 6050

Town planning in Hong Kong (course from MUD curriculum)

The course presents urban planning theory and examines planning practice especially in Hong Kong. Topics include contemporary urban planning theories, political, social and technological influences in planning, nature and functions of the planning process and basic approaches to practice from strategic planning to local and site planning. Case studies will be presented.

URBP 6303

Environmental impact assessment

This course consists of two basic elements:

(a)	The nature and objectives of urban development planning including the evolution of urban planning approaches; relevant methodologies; the nature of urban planning institutions; the role of urban planning as a mechanism for environmental protection and management.
(b)	Environmental impact assessment (EIA) including the origins and development of EIA; impact assessment methodologies; case study applications.